上一個月跟大家分享過有關 👉幼犬訓練👈，今天就和大家談談幼犬的交際吧。
Last month, we have discussed about 👉Puppy Training👈, today, let's talk more about Puppy Socialisation.
年幼犬隻的交際，意思是讓他們能夠通過早期及持續的接觸，而慢慢習慣周遭的生活環境、人物及其他的犬隻。
Socialisation is the process of allowing your dog to get used to your surroundings, people and other dogs through early and continual exposure.
為什麼幼犬需要交際？Why puppies need socialisation?
如果狗狗在年幼的時期，跟其他的狗狗及人類交流得愈多，而從中得到愈多正面的指導，在成年後，便能夠更容易適應各種不同的情況及變化。
The more a puppy encounters when its young, and the more positive reinforcement it receives, the better they will be able to cope with changes and different experience in life.
他們應該在什麼時期開始學習交際呢？At what age should a puppy start socialisation training?
正如人類不會在長大後才開始上學，狗狗亦不應該在成年後才開學習始交際。
As you will not wait until your children grow up before you send them to school, dogs should also not be withheld from socialisation training until they are grown up.
狗狗在三至二十星期大左右所得到的生活經驗，不論正面或負面，都會對他們將來的行為有著重大的影響。特別是他們對於喜惡、恐懼、及不安的經驗，主要都是在這個時期開始建立的。因此，這個時期，可以說是狗狗將來如何適應生活的一個學習的模式。
The age of 3-20 weeks is regarded as a puppy's "special time in life when a small amount of experience will produce a great effect on later behaviour" (by JP Scott and John Fuller). Whatever they experienced during this period, regardless of their likes and dislikes, fears and anxieties, laid the foundation of their personality. This special period is therefore the learning pattern of how they cope with life.
研究亦顯示這個年齡，是狗狗主人開始行為訓練的最佳時間。在這個時期能夠建立良好的行為訓練模式，亦可以減少將來發生行為問題 (例如：過度活躍、過度驚荒、侵略行為、分離焦慮、及服從問題) 的機會。
Research also shows that this age of 3-20 weeks is the optimal period for dog owners to commence behavioral training. By establishing a good training model during this period, the chance of having undesirable problems, such as hyperactivity, excessive fearfulness, aggression, separation anxiety and general disobedience, can be reduced in the future.
既然我們已經清楚知道這個時期的重要性，作為狗狗的主人，我們便有責任盡最大的努力去配合，讓你的狗狗的有一個好的生命。
Now, as we know that this special period is so important, as dog owners, we have the responsibility to work very hard to enable your doggie have a good life.
Now, as we know that this special period is so important, as dog owners, we have the responsibility to work very hard to enable your doggie have a good life.
那我應該怎樣做呢？So what should I do?
1) 應該讓你年幼的狗狗開始接觸不同的人，包括男、女、老、幼 Allow your puppy to reach out to different people, including men, women, young and the elderly
2) 應該安全地讓你年幼的狗狗開始與不同的狗狗品種、大小型犬，及其他類型的動物交流 Allow your puppy to safely reach out to different breeds and size of dogs, and other types of animals
3) 主人及狗狗都應該開始學習友善的互動及指令，例如美容、擁抱、停止、放下及回來等 Owners and puppy should start learning friendly interactions such as grooming, hugging, stop, leave and back
4) 主人及狗狗都應該開始學習避免狗狗產生佔有慾，例 對某一家庭成員、食物、玩具、床舖等 Owners and puppy should start learning how to prevent the development of guarding aggressiveness, such as a particular family member, food, toys, beddings
Photo from Positively.com, Victoria Stilwell
幼犬交際的目的是盡力使年幼狗狗能夠喜愛所有人包括陌生人，喜歡其他狗狗及動物，及在各種不同情況下都可以感到輕鬆自信的狗狗 (例如在被人擁抱、親吻時，又例如不應害怕剪指甲及刷牙齒)，並願意服從指令。
As a conclusion, the aim for puppy socialisiation is to enable our puppy can feel relaxed and confident in different situations (such as being hugged, kissed, or for example not afraid of nail clipping and brushing teeth), liking all people including strangers, liking other doggies and animals, and willing to abide instructions.
申延閱讀 More reading options：
1) 幼犬訓練
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